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REFERENCES

PAIN SCIENCE BASICS

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  1. Adams, L.M. and Turk, D.C. (2018) ‘Central sensitization and the biopsychosocial approach to understanding pain’, Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 23(2), p. e12125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12125

  2. Cormack, B., Stilwell, P., Coninx, S., & Gibson, J. (2023). The biopsychosocial model is lost in translation: from misrepresentation to an enactive modernization. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 39(11), 2273–2288. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2022.2080130

  3. Cormack, B., Stilwell, P., Coninx, S., & Gibson, J. (2023). The biopsychosocial model is lost in translation: from misrepresentation to an enactive modernization. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 39(11), 2273–2288. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2022.2080130

  4. Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions. Psychological bulletin, 133(4), 581–624. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581

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PAIN MECHANISM TYPES

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  1. Adams, L.M. and Turk, D.C. (2018) ‘Central sensitization and the biopsychosocial approach to understanding pain’, Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 23(2), p. e12125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12125

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PAIN DIAGNOSIS

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  1. Henn, A. T., Larsen, B., Frahm, L., Xu, A., Adebimpe, A., Scott, J. C., Linguiti, S., Sharma, V., Basbaum, A. I., Corder, G., Dworkin, R. H., Edwards, R. R., Woolf, C. J., Habel, U., Eickhoff, S. B., Eickhoff, C. R., Wagels, L., & Satterthwaite, T. D. (2023). Structural imaging studies of patients with chronic pain: an anatomical likelihood estimate meta-analysis. Pain, 164(1), e10–e24. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002681

  2. Martucci, K. T., & Mackey, S. C. (2016). Imaging Pain. Anesthesiology clinics, 34(2), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2016.01.001

  3. Martucci, K. T., & Mackey, S. C. (2018). Neuroimaging of Pain: Human Evidence and Clinical Relevance of Central Nervous System Processes and Modulation. Anesthesiology, 128(6), 1241–1254. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002137

  4. Rankin, L. (2020) ‘From the study of student attitudes and preferences to the in vitro investigation of a novel treatment strategy’.

  5. Treede, R. D., Hoheisel, U., Wang, D., & Magerl, W. (2022). Central sensitization: clinical utility of a physiological concept for the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and for nociplastic pain. Pain, 163(Suppl 1), S99–S107. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002740

  6. Treede, R. D., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M. I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Finnerup, N. B., First, M. B., Giamberardino, M. A., Kaasa, S., Korwisi, B., Kosek, E., Lavand'homme, P., Nicholas, M., Perrot, S., Scholz, J., Schug, S., Smith, B. H., … Wang, S. J. (2019). Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain, 160(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384


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COMPLEXITY OF PAIN

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  1. Adams, L.M. and Turk, D.C. (2018) ‘Central sensitization and the biopsychosocial approach to understanding pain’, Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 23(2), p. e12125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12125

  2. Cholewicki, J., Breen, A., Popovich, J. M., Jr, Reeves, N. P., Sahrmann, S. A., van Dillen, L. R., Vleeming, A., & Hodges, P. W. (2019). Can Biomechanics Research Lead to More Effective Treatment of Low Back Pain? A Point-Counterpoint Debate. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 49(6), 425–436. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2019.8825

  3. Nijs, J., Roussel, N., Paul van Wilgen, C., Köke, A., & Smeets, R. (2013). Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists' and patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Manual therapy, 18(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.11.001

  4. Volinn, E., & Loeser, J. D. (2022). What are the Origins of Chronic Back Pain of "Obscure Origins"? Turning Toward Family and Workplace Social Contexts. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 95(1), 153–163.

  5. Wall P. D. (1979). On the relation of injury to pain. The John J. Bonica lecture. Pain, 6(3), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(79)90047-2

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REFERRED AND SPREADING PAIN

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  1. Latremoliere, A., & Woolf, C. J. (2009). Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. The journal of pain, 10(9), 895–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012

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MISINFORMATION

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  1. Caneiro, J. P., Bunzli, S., & O'Sullivan, P. (2021). Beliefs about the body and pain: the critical role in musculoskeletal pain management. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 25(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.06.003

  2. Gardner, T., Refshauge, K., Smith, L., McAuley, J., Hübscher, M., & Goodall, S. (2017). Physiotherapists' beliefs and attitudes influence clinical practice in chronic low back pain: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Journal of physiotherapy, 63(3), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2017.05.017

  3. Järemo, P., Arman, M., Gerdle, B., Larsson, B., & Gottberg, K. (2017). Illness beliefs among patients with chronic widespread pain - associations with self-reported health status, anxiety and depressive symptoms and impact of pain. BMC psychology, 5(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-017-0192-1

  4. Nijs, J., Roussel, N., Paul van Wilgen, C., Köke, A., & Smeets, R. (2013). Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists' and patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Manual therapy, 18(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.11.001

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ABILITY OF INJURIES TO RECOVER

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  1. Park, Y. G., Ha, C. W., Park, Y. B., Na, S. E., Kim, M., Kim, T. S., & Chu, Y. Y. (2021). Is it worth to perform initial non-operative treatment for patients with acute ACL injury?: a prospective cohort prognostic study. Knee surgery & related research, 33(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00094-3

  2. Yu, P., Mao, F., Chen, J., Ma, X., Dai, Y., Liu, G., Dai, F., & Liu, J. (2022). Characteristics and mechanisms of resorption in lumbar disc herniation. Arthritis research & therapy, 24(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-022-02894-8

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PAIN AND SYMPTOMS PAST HEALING TIME

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  1. Morlion, B., Coluzzi, F., Aldington, D., Kocot-Kepska, M., Pergolizzi, J., Mangas, A. C., Ahlbeck, K., & Kalso, E. (2018). Pain chronification: what should a non-pain medicine specialist know?. Current medical research and opinion, 34(7), 1169–1178. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2018.1449738

  2. Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., Houle, C., Longtin, C., Gérard, T., Lagueux, E., Perreault, K., Beaudry, H., Tétreault, P., Blanchette, M. A., & Décary, S. (2023). Prognostic factors specific to work-related musculoskeletal disorders: An overview of recent systematic reviews. Musculoskeletal science & practice, 66, 102825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102825

  3. Volinn, E., & Loeser, J. D. (2022). What are the Origins of Chronic Back Pain of "Obscure Origins"? Turning Toward Family and Workplace Social Contexts. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 95(1), 153–163.

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PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL SENSITISATION

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  1. Latremoliere, A., & Woolf, C. J. (2009). Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. The journal of pain, 10(9), 895–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012

  2. Nijs, J., George, S. Z., Clauw, D. J., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Kosek, E., Ickmans, K., Fernández-Carnero, J., Polli, A., Kapreli, E., Huysmans, E., Cuesta-Vargas, A. I., Mani, R., Lundberg, M., Leysen, L., Rice, D., Sterling, M., & Curatolo, M. (2021). Central sensitisation in chronic pain conditions: latest discoveries and their potential for precision medicine. The Lancet Rheumatology, 3(5), e383–e392. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00032-1

  3. Párraga, J. P., & Castellanos, A. (2023). A Manifesto in Defense of Pain Complexity: A Critical Review of Essential Insights in Pain Neuroscience. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(22), 7080. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227080

  4. Treede, R. D., Hoheisel, U., Wang, D., & Magerl, W. (2022). Central sensitization: clinical utility of a physiological concept for the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and for nociplastic pain. Pain, 163(Suppl 1), S99–S107. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002740

 

 

PAIN FLARE UPS

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  1. Suri, P., Rainville, J., de Schepper, E., Martha, J., Hartigan, C., & Hunter, D. J. (2018). Do Physical Activities Trigger Flare-ups During an Acute Low Back Pain Episode?: A Longitudinal Case-Crossover Feasibility Study. Spine, 43(6), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002326

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PAIN

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  1. Benedetti, M. G., Furlini, G., Zati, A., & Letizia Mauro, G. (2018). The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients. BioMed research international, 2018, 4840531. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4840531

  2. Brumitt, J., & Cuddeford, T. (2015). CURRENT CONCEPTS OF MUSCLE AND TENDON ADAPTATION TO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING. International journal of sports physical therapy, 10(6), 748–759.

  3. Butera, K. A., Fox, E. J., & George, S. Z. (2016). Toward a Transformed Understanding: From Pain and Movement to Pain With Movement. Physical therapy, 96(10), 1503–1507. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20160211

  4. Dimitrov, S., Hulteng, E., & Hong, S. (2017). Inflammation and exercise: Inhibition of monocytic intracellular TNF production by acute exercise via β2-adrenergic activation. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 61, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.017

  5. Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., White, S. M., Wojcicki, T. R., Mailey, E., Vieira, V. J., Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Woods, J. A., McAuley, E., & Kramer, A. F. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 3017–3022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015950108

  6. Fu, S., Thompson, C. L., Ali, A., Wang, W., Chapple, J. P., Mitchison, H. M., Beales, P. L., Wann, A. K. T., & Knight, M. M. (2019). Mechanical loading inhibits cartilage inflammatory signalling via an HDAC6 and IFT-dependent mechanism regulating primary cilia elongation. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 27(7), 1064–1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.03.003

  7. Geneen, L. J., Moore, R. A., Clarke, C., Martin, D., Colvin, L. A., & Smith, B. H. (2017). Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 4(4), CD011279. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub3

  8. Jacks, D. E., Sowash, J., Anning, J., McGloughlin, T., & Andres, F. (2002). Effect of exercise at three exercise intensities on salivary cortisol. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 16(2), 286–289.

  9. Rice, D., Nijs, J., Kosek, E., Wideman, T., Hasenbring, M. I., Koltyn, K., Graven-Nielsen, T., & Polli, A. (2019). Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Pain-Free and Chronic Pain Populations: State of the Art and Future Directions. The journal of pain, 20(11), 1249–1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.03.005

  10. Rijal A, Nielsen EE, Adhikari TB, Dhakal S, Maagaard M, Piri R, Neupane D, Gæde PH, Olsen MH, Jakobsen JC. Effects of adding exercise to usual care in patients with either hypertension, type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2023 Jul;57(14):930-939. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106002

  11. Smith, B. E., Hendrick, P., Bateman, M., Holden, S., Littlewood, C., Smith, T. O., & Logan, P. (2019). Musculoskeletal pain and exercise-challenging existing paradigms and introducing new. British journal of sports medicine, 53(14), 907–912. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098983

  12. Valenzuela, P. L., Saco-Ledo, G., Morales, J. S., Gallardo-Gómez, D., Morales-Palomo, F., López-Ortiz, S., Rivas-Baeza, B., Castillo-García, A., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Santos-Lozano, A., Del Pozo Cruz, B., & Lucia, A. (2023). Effects of physical exercise on physical function in older adults in residential care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The lancet. Healthy longevity, 4(6), e247–e256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00057-0

  13. Wroblewski, A. P., Amati, F., Smiley, M. A., Goodpaster, B., & Wright, V. (2011). Chronic exercise preserves lean muscle mass in masters athletes. The Physician and sportsmedicine, 39(3), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2011.09.1933

  14. Young S. N. (2007). How to increase serotonin in the human brain without drugs. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 32(6), 394–399.

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FEAR AVOIDANCE

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  1. Kehler, D. S., Theou, O., & Rockwood, K. (2019). Bed rest and accelerated aging in relation to the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems and frailty biomarkers: A review. Experimental gerontology, 124, 110643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110643

  2. Verbunt, J. A., Smeets, R. J., & Wittink, H. M. (2010). Cause or effect? Deconditioning and chronic low back pain. Pain, 149(3), 428–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.01.020

  3. Vico, L., & Hargens, A. (2018). Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 14(4), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37

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PSYCHOLOGY AND PAIN

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  1. Abdallah, C. G., & Geha, P. (2017). Chronic Pain and Chronic Stress: Two Sides of the Same Coin?. Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 1, 2470547017704763. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017704763

  2. Biskin, R. S., Frankenburg, F. R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Zanarini, M. C. (2014). Pain in patients with borderline personality disorder. Personality and mental health, 8(3), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1265

  3. Caneiro, J. P., Bunzli, S., & O'Sullivan, P. (2021). Beliefs about the body and pain: the critical role in musculoskeletal pain management. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 25(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.06.003

  4. Craner, J. R., Lake, E. S., Barr, A. C., Kirby, K. E., & O'Neill, M. (2022). Childhood Adversity Among Adults With Chronic Pain: Prevalence and Association With Pain-related Outcomes. The Clinical journal of pain, 38(9), 551–561. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000001054

  5. de Heer, E. W., Gerrits, M. M., Beekman, A. T., Dekker, J., van Marwijk, H. W., de Waal, M. W., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., & van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. (2014). The association of depression and anxiety with pain: a study from NESDA. PloS one, 9(10), e106907. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106907

  6. Hannibal, K. E., & Bishop, M. D. (2014). Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: a psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation. Physical therapy, 94(12), 1816–1825. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130597

  7. Leeuw, M., Goossens, M. E., Linton, S. J., Crombez, G., Boersma, K., & Vlaeyen, J. W. (2007). The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. Journal of behavioral medicine, 30(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0

  8. Linton, S. J., & Bergbom, S. (2011). Understanding the link between depression and pain. Scandinavian journal of pain, 2(2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.01.005

  9. Linton, S. J., & Shaw, W. S. (2011). Impact of psychological factors in the experience of pain. Physical therapy, 91(5), 700–711. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100330

  10. Lumley, M. A., Cohen, J. L., Borszcz, G. S., Cano, A., Radcliffe, A. M., Porter, L. S., Schubiner, H., & Keefe, F. J. (2011). Pain and emotion: a biopsychosocial review of recent research. Journal of clinical psychology, 67(9), 942–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20816

  11. Lunde, C. E., & Sieberg, C. B. (2020). Walking the Tightrope: A Proposed Model of Chronic Pain and Stress. Frontiers in neuroscience, 14, 270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00270

  12. Ma, T. W., Yuen, A. S., & Yang, Z. (2023). The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Clinical journal of pain, 39(3), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000001096

  13. Martinez-Calderon, J., García-Muñoz, C., Rufo-Barbero, C., Matias-Soto, J., & Cano-García, F. J. (2023). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. The journal of pain, S1526-5900(23)00539-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.013

  14. Meulders A. (2020). Fear in the context of pain: Lessons learned from 100 years of fear conditioning research. Behaviour research and therapy, 131, 103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103635

  15. Petrini, L., & Arendt-Nielsen, L. (2020). Understanding Pain Catastrophizing: Putting Pieces Together. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 603420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603420

  16. Walton, D. M., Tremblay, P., Seo, W., Elliott, J. M., Ghodrati, M., May, C., & MacDermid, J. C. (2021). Effects of childhood trauma on pain-related distress in adults. European journal of pain (London, England), 25(10), 2166–2176. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1830

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SLEEP

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  1. Finan, P. H., Goodin, B. R., & Smith, M. T. (2013). The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. The journal of pain, 14(12), 1539–1552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.007

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NUTRITION

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  1. Papadopoulou S. K. (2020). Rehabilitation Nutrition for Injury Recovery of Athletes: The Role of Macronutrient Intake. Nutrients, 12(8), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082449

  2. Smith-Ryan, A. E., Hirsch, K. R., Saylor, H. E., Gould, L. M., & Blue, M. N. M. (2020). Nutritional Considerations and Strategies to Facilitate Injury Recovery and Rehabilitation. Journal of athletic training, 55(9), 918–930. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-550-19

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SOCIAL

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  1. Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Norman, G. J., & Berntson, G. G. (2011). Social isolation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1231(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06028.x

  2. Che, X., Cash, R., Ng, S. K., Fitzgerald, P., & Fitzgibbon, B. M. (2018). A Systematic Review of the Processes Underlying the Main and the Buffering Effect of Social Support on the Experience of Pain. The Clinical journal of pain, 34(11), 1061–1076. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000624

  3. Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5643), 290–292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134

  4. Harris R. A. (2014). Chronic pain, social withdrawal, and depression. Journal of pain research, 7, 555–556. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S71292

  5. Nanavaty, N., Walsh, K. T., Boring, B. L., Ganesan, A., Carter-Sowell, A. R., & Mathur, V. A. (2023). Acute Ostracism-Related Pain Sensitization in the Context of Accumulated Lifetime Experiences of Ostracism. The journal of pain, 24(7), 1229–1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.021

  6. Nees, F., Ditzen, B., & Flor, H. (2022). When shared pain is not half the pain: enhanced central nervous system processing and verbal reports of pain in the presence of a solicitous spouse. Pain, 163(9), e1006–e1012. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002559

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MANUAL THERAPY

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  1. Bialosky, J. E., Bishop, M. D., Price, D. D., Robinson, M. E., & George, S. Z. (2009). The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: a comprehensive model. Manual therapy, 14(5), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.09.001

  2. Bialosky, J. E., Beneciuk, J. M., Bishop, M. D., Coronado, R. A., Penza, C. W., Simon, C. B., & George, S. Z. (2018). Unraveling the Mechanisms of Manual Therapy: Modeling an Approach. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 48(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2018.7476

  3. Chaudhry, H., Schleip, R., Ji, Z., Bukiet, B., Maney, M., & Findley, T. (2008). Three-dimensional mathematical model for deformation of human fasciae in manual therapy. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 108(8), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2008.108.8.379

  4. Lavazza, C., Galli, M., Abenavoli, A., & Maggiani, A. (2021). Sham treatment effects in manual therapy trials on back pain patients: a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis. BMJ open, 11(5), e045106. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045106

  5. Mostafavifar, M., Wertz, J., & Borchers, J. (2012). A systematic review of the effectiveness of kinesio taping for musculoskeletal injury. The Physician and sportsmedicine, 40(4), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2012.11.1986

  6. Nim, C. G., Downie, A., O'Neill, S., Kawchuk, G. N., Perle, S. M., & Leboeuf-Yde, C. (2021). The importance of selecting the correct site to apply spinal manipulation when treating spinal pain: Myth or reality? A systematic review. Scientific reports, 11(1), 23415. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02882-z

  7. Parreira, P.doC., Costa, L.daC., Hespanhol, L. C., Jr, Lopes, A. D., & Costa, L. O. (2014). Current evidence does not support the use of Kinesio Taping in clinical practice: a systematic review. Journal of physiotherapy, 60(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2013.12.008

  8. Shilton, M., Branney, J., de Vries, B. P., & Breen, A. C. (2015). Does cervical lordosis change after spinal manipulation for non-specific neck pain? A prospective cohort study. Chiropractic & manual therapies, 23, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-015-0078-3

  9. Sørensen, P. W., Nim, C. G., Poulsen, E., & Juhl, C. B. (2023). Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Does Targeting a Specific Vertebral Level Make a Difference?: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 53(9), 529–539. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2023.11962

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MEDICATIONS

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  1. Gebke, K. B., McCarberg, B., Shaw, E., Turk, D. C., Wright, W. L., & Semel, D. (2023). A practical guide to recognize, assess, treat and evaluate (RATE) primary care patients with chronic pain. Postgraduate medicine, 135(3), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2021.2017201

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ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS

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  1. Ernst E. Intangible risks of complementary and alternative medicine. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Apr 15;19(8):2365-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.8.2365

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HEAR FROM OTHERS

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  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2020) Chronic pain in Australia, Summary, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-disease/chronic-pain-in-australia/summary.

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